The role of probiotics and prebiotics in modulating of the gut-brain axis Original paper
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read MoreI am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
-
Divine Aleru
Read More
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read More
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
What was studied?
This review explored the role of probiotics and prebiotics in modulating the gut-brain axis and their effects on central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer’s. The research investigates the mechanisms through which these compounds affect the gut microbiota, brain function, and mental health.
Who was reviewed?
The review examined the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on mental health, focusing on their influence on the gut-brain axis and CNS disorders. It assessed various studies that explore how these dietary supplements can modulate gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, and improve brain functions, thereby aiding in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.
What were the most important findings?
The review highlighted that probiotics and prebiotics can significantly influence the gut-brain axis by improving gut microbiota composition and function, leading to positive effects on mental health. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, can enhance neurotransmitter production, such as serotonin and GABA, which are critical for mood regulation. Prebiotics like inulin, FOS, and GOS stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which have neuroprotective effects. The review found that these compounds can reduce systemic inflammation, regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and decrease the severity of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. However, the review stresses the need for further human studies to confirm these effects and establish clear therapeutic applications.
What are the implications of this study?
The findings underscore the potential of probiotics and prebiotics as a therapeutic and supportive approach to managing mental health conditions. By improving gut microbiota balance, these compounds can offer a natural, low-risk alternative to pharmaceutical treatments for mental disorders, particularly in cases where traditional treatments are insufficient or carry side effects. Future research, especially clinical trials, is crucial to determine the optimal strains and dosages for specific mental health conditions and to validate the long-term benefits of these supplements in psychiatric care.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer significant health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They primarily work by modulating the gut microbiome, supporting a balanced microbial ecosystem. Probiotics have been shown to improve gut health, modulate immune responses, and even influence metabolic and mental health disorders. With growing evidence supporting their therapeutic potential, probiotics are increasingly recognized for their role in treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety through their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Prebiotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that selectively promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, offering a range of health benefits from improved digestion and immune function to enhanced metabolic health. Prebiotics are an essential part of a healthy diet that supports both gut and overall well-being.
Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
Short-chain fatty acids are microbially derived metabolites that regulate epithelial integrity, immune signaling, and microbial ecology. Their production patterns and mechanistic roles provide essential functional markers within microbiome signatures and support the interpretation of MBTIs, MMAs, and systems-level microbial shifts across clinical conditions.