Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

This study reveals distinct microbiome shifts in the vaginal, cervical, and gut microbiota of women with stage 3/4 endometriosis. The absence of Atopobium and elevated Gardnerella in reproductive sites suggest immune dysregulation, while Escherichia/Shigella dominance in stool samples correlates with bowel involvement, highlighting potential diagnostic biomarkers.

This study shows that antibiotic therapy with metronidazole reduces endometriotic lesion growth and inflammation in mice by targeting the gut microbiota, particularly Bacteroidetes. Findings suggest that microbiota-targeted treatments may offer new therapeutic avenues for endometriosis management.

This study identifies intrauterine microbial colonization in endometriosis, with enriched Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. GnRHa therapy exacerbated microbial imbalances, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for managing inflammation and infection in endometriosis. Findings suggest microbial modulation may enhance treatment outcomes.

This study found that endometriosis does not induce significant changes in the fecal bacteriota composition during the acute phase of lesion formation. Findings suggest that gut microbial shifts in endometriosis may emerge only during chronic disease stages, highlighting the need for targeted microbiome interventions over prolonged periods.

This study identifies distinct gut microbiota alterations in CKD and highlights microbial biomarkers—including Lachnospira and Ruminococcus gnavus—that discriminate disease status and track progression toward hemodialysis.

This pilot study identified reduced microbial diversity and a Proteobacteria-enriched blood microbiome profile in CKD, with microbial shifts correlating to kidney function, suggesting potential biomarker value.

This study identifies major gut microbiota alterations in CKD, especially severe loss of Akkermansia, and links these shifts to inflammatory cytokines, suggesting key microbial signatures relevant to CKD progression.

This study links the Alzheimer’s disease microbiome to reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and impaired intestinal P-gp regulation, revealing a proinflammatory gut signature that may contribute to neurodegenerative processes.

The study shows that gut microbiota in mild cognitive impairment closely matches Alzheimer’s disease, revealing early dysbiosis involving reduced diversity, elevated gram-negative bacteria, and diminished Bacteroidetes, supporting microbiome-based early biomarker development.

This study analyzed the salivary microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease, revealing reduced diversity and distinct microbial shifts, including Moraxella enrichment and APOE4-related differences, suggesting oral dysbiosis may contribute to neurodegeneration.

This study analyzes gut microbiota in children with ASD, identifying distinct microbial, functional, and disease-association patterns that highlight potential mechanisms linking microbial imbalance to ASD pathophysiology.

This study characterizes gut microbial dysbiosis in Indian children with autism, identifying Lactobacillus as a cross-population microbial signature and highlighting reduced SCFA-producers linked to neuroimmune pathways.

Young children with ASD showed clear microbiome alterations marked by reduced B. longum, elevated F. prausnitzii, increased butyrate-related functions, and shifts in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, suggesting disrupted microbial maturation.

This pediatric case-control study found a distinct type-1-diabetes-gut-microbiota signature versus MODY2 and healthy controls, featuring higher Bacteroides/Veillonella and lower Faecalibacterium/Roseburia, alongside increased LPS, cytokines, and zonulin and immune-related functional pathway enrichment.

This study identifies distinct gut microbiota alterations in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, including shifts in key genera, correlations with autoantibodies, and a high-performing microbial biomarker model, supporting a role for dysbiosis in thyroid autoimmunity.

This study demonstrates that endometriosis induces gut microbiota alterations in a murine model, particularly increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriching Bifidobacterium and Parasutterella. These shifts suggest dysbiosis as a contributing factor to inflammation and immune dysregulation, supporting the potential for microbiota-targeted therapies in endometriosis management.

This study reveals that inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α) are significantly elevated in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients with infertility. These findings suggest their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing reproductive complications in endometriosis.

This study shows that postmenopausal breast cancer is associated with significant gut microbiome dysbiosis involving pathogenic enrichment, reduced butyrate pathways, and inflammation-related functional shifts.

Hemodialysis patients showed higher caries burden and a marked shift toward acidogenic, aciduric supragingival microbiota, including elevated S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, indicating heightened caries vulnerability despite increased salivary pH and urea.

This study identified a microbiome signature in Graves’ disease marked by reduced microbial richness and elevated Prevotella_9 and Haemophilus, with losses in Faecalibacterium and Alistipes, supporting a role for gut dysbiosis in GD pathogenesis.

This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to compare gut microbiomes of Alzheimer’s patients and controls, revealing reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Actinobacteria and Ruminococcaceae, suggesting microbe-driven influences on AD pathology.

This study reveals distinct gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson’s disease and idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder, highlighting early microbial signatures and identifying novel taxa relevant to disease mechanisms. Nasal microbiota showed minimal diagnostic value.

What was studied?This original research article examined fecal microbiota in Chinese Parkinson’s disease to determine how gut microbial communities differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls. Using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region, the investigators analyzed fecal samples from matched couples—each PD patient and their cohabiting spouse—to tightly […]

Study of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease revealed major taxonomic shifts, loss of butyrate-producing bacteria, and phenotype-specific microbial associations, suggesting potential biomarker value.

This study shows that autism is associated with distinct bacterial and fungal gut microbiome signatures, including reduced Bacteroidetes, elevated Firmicutes, and increased Candida, highlighting microbial contributions to ASD-related gastrointestinal symptoms.

This study found that gut microbiota in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients differs markedly from healthy controls, with enriched Escherichia coli and depleted Prevotella. These microbial shifts support the hypothesis that dysbiosis contributes to autoimmune thyroid inflammation and may offer targets for intervention.

This study identified two distinct IBS subgroups based on gut microbiome profiles, revealing correlations with regional brain volumes. The findings highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in structural brain alterations, offering potential biomarkers for subtype classification.

IBS-like symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are linked to distinct gut microbiota changes, particularly Prevotella depletion, implicating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in non-motor symptoms.

This study analyzed breast cancer microbiota using TCGA RNA-seq data, identifying key microbial differences and linking microbes such as H. influenzae and L. fleischmannii to tumor-related gene expression pathways.

This study links increased Escherichia/Shigella and reduced Eubacterium rectale to heightened inflammation and amyloidosis, defining a gut microbiome amyloidosis association that may contribute to Alzheimer-related pathology.

This study identifies reduced diversity and distinct microbial shifts in Alzheimer’s disease, linking specific bacterial genera with amyloid and tau biomarkers and supporting a role for gut–brain interactions in AD.

This study outlines distinct Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome signatures, revealing altered bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways independent of medications and confounders, with strong implications for SCFA metabolism, xenobiotic processing, and biomarker development.

This study identified reduced diversity and distinct taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease, highlighting microbial patterns linked to inflammation and α-synuclein biology.

Early-stage PD patients show distinct gut microbial, functional, and viral signatures, including reduced Prevotella copri, impaired β-glucuronate pathways, increased tryptophan metabolism, and decreased viral abundance, forming a robust Parkinson’s disease microbiome signature.

This study identifies distinct gut microbiota signatures in Parkinson disease, particularly elevated Lactobacillaceae, Barnesiellaceae, and Enterococcaceae, supporting a possible enteric contribution to PD pathophysiology.

This study identifies a distinct gut microbiota signature in Parkinson’s disease, marked by loss of SCFA-producing taxa and enrichment of inflammatory pathobionts correlated with disease severity.

Letrozole-induced hyperandrogenemia reshapes the gut microbiome, reducing diversity and altering key Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes taxa linked to metabolic dysfunction.

Newly diagnosed Chinese children with T1DM showed t1dm-gut-microbiota-signatures marked by lower richness and specific taxonomic shifts, notably higher Blautia and lower Haemophilus/Lachnospira/Dialister/Intestinimonas. Blautia correlated with HbA1c and autoantibody measures, linking microbiota patterns to metabolic and autoimmune activity.

This study reveals that intrauterine microbial colonization is prevalent in women with endometriosis, particularly with Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Findings suggest that GnRHa treatment exacerbates microbial colonization, indicating a possible role for targeted antimicrobial therapies in managing endometriosis-associated inflammation.

The study identified distinct oral microbiome profiles in IBS patients, particularly in those overweight, highlighting its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for visceral pain severity and symptom progression.

This study examines microbiota in pediatric ESRD, revealing dysbiosis, reduced diversity, and elevated uremic toxins shaped by dialysis modality and transplantation, defining key microbial signatures.

This study identifies Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome signatures involving reduced SCFAs and loss of key butyrate-producing taxa, highlighting microbial shifts that may influence enteric and neurological function.

Study showing gut microbiota and Parkinson’s disease are mechanistically linked through SCFA-driven microglial activation, aSyn pathology, and motor impairment in mouse models and humanized microbiota experiments.

This U.S. cross-sectional study links gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes risk with specific taxon shifts rather than reduced diversity, highlighting Catenibacterium/Prevotellaceae/RC9-gut-group increases in seropositivity and Lactobacillus/Staphylococcus depletion in at-risk and new-onset states.

The study identifies significant fecal microbiota dysbiosis in IBS patients, marked by increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, highlighting their potential as microbial biomarkers for IBS subtypes.

This study identifies major gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson’s disease, especially reduced Prevotellaceae and increased Enterobacteriaceae linked to motor phenotype, suggesting clinically relevant microbial signatures.

This study identifies distinct dysbiosis in the colonic microbiota in Parkinson’s disease, marked by reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and increased proinflammatory taxa, suggesting microbial contributions to intestinal inflammation and alpha-synuclein pathology.

New-onset pediatric T1D in Sonoran Mexico is associated with a genus-level shift toward Bacteroides enrichment and Prevotella depletion, while insulin-treated cases show intermediate, heterogeneous profiles. Diversity differences were mainly compositional (beta diversity), supporting a stage-sensitive microbiome signature rather than broad phylum changes.

This study demonstrated distinct microbial dysbiosis in breast cancer, highlighting reduced bacterial load, loss of Sphingomonas, enrichment of Methylobacterium, and impaired antibacterial immune signaling in tumor tissue.

This study identified reduced microbial diversity and marked loss of Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Veillonellaceae in autistic children, revealing a distinct gut microbial profile linked to autistic symptoms rather than diet or GI severity.

Gut microbiota signatures in pediatric type 1 diabetes include lower Firmicutes/Actinobacteria, higher Bacteroidetes, and reduced Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, with depleted Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus and increased Clostridium linked to worse glycemia.

The study highlights functional dysbiosis in constipated-irritable bowel syndrome, with increased sulfate-reducing bacteria and disrupted SCFA profiles.

The study investigated gut microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS), revealing distinct microbial shifts, including increased Enterobacteriaceae and reduced Faecalibacterium populations, indicating potential inflammatory mechanisms

The study identified significant shifts in fecal bile acid composition and gut microbiota in IBS-D patients. Elevated primary bile acids and dysbiosis were linked to stool frequency and consistency, suggesting bile acid modulation as a potential therapeutic target for symptom management.

This study found that while probiotics may relieve IBS symptoms, they do not revert the gut microbiota imbalances associated with the disorder.

This study reveals that diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) is linked to reduced microbial diversity and niche-specific dysbiosis in the gut.

This study identifies distinct microbiome signatures in pediatric IBS, revealing unique microbial imbalances linked to disease subtypes.

This study identifies global microbiota signatures in IBS patients, revealing distinct microbial imbalances that differentiate them from healthy controls. Key findings include a 2-fold increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, reduced Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium populations, and significant shifts in methanogens. These alterations suggest potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IBS.

Study using pyrosequencing showed distinct autism-associated fecal microflora, marked by higher diversity, elevated Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio, and reduced beneficial genera, suggesting microbiome-linked mechanisms in ASD.

This study reveals that altered microbiota and elevated organic acids in IBS patients correlate with increased symptom severity, poorer quality of life, and heightened negative emotions. The findings suggest that microbial shifts leading to increased acetic and propionic acid production play a critical role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

This study reveals that IBS patients have significantly lower bifidobacteria counts in both fecal and duodenal samples compared to healthy controls. The marked reduction in Bifidobacterium catenulatum levels suggests a critical link to gut dysbiosis, impaired mucosal integrity, and potential contributions to symptom severity in IBS subtypes.