Divine Aleru, Microbiome Signatures Research Coordinator

This review analyzes the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health, focusing on their impact on the gut-brain axis and various health conditions.

A review exploring the relationship between fiber intake and mental health reveals promising results but highlights the need for further well-designed studies to establish conclusive therapeutic guidelines.

This review analyzes the role of fiber intake in managing depression and anxiety, focusing on prebiotic-rich foods. It finds moderate benefits, especially in anxiety reduction, but calls for further research to confirm these effects in clinical settings.

What was studied?This study aimed to investigate the effects of inulin supplementation on cognitive flexibility, body composition, and gut microbiota in a mouse model fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Specifically, the study evaluated how inulin modulates cognitive performance and its potential impact on the gut microbiota composition.Who was studied?Male CD1 mice were the subjects of […]

This paper updates the definitions of prebiotics and prebiotic effects, proposing changes that reflect scientific advancements in microbiome research and regulatory needs.

The study provides molecular mechanisms showing how prebiotics like inulin and scFOS directly regulate host immune signaling to modulate inflammation, independent of microbiota changes.

What was studied?The research focused on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and their roles in gastrointestinal and metabolic health. The study examined how SCFAs are produced via microbial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and explored their absorption mechanisms, their beneficial effects on gut health, and their therapeutic applications in treating various […]

This review explores butyrate’s role in colorectal cancer prevention, showing its potential to modulate epithelial cell behavior and reduce tumor formation. However, the need for optimized delivery methods and further research is emphasized to confirm its efficacy in human CRC prevention.

What Was Reviewed?This paper reviews the potential effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in managing diabetes mellitus (DM), focusing on their ability to restore intestinal barrier function, modulate the immune response, and improve metabolic parameters. It synthesizes findings from various preclinical and clinical studies to assess the effectiveness of these dietary interventions in addressing diabetes-related […]

This review explores the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the gut-brain axis, suggesting their potential to enhance cognitive function, emotional regulation, and reduce neuroinflammation, offering promising therapeutic options for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions.

This review explores how prebiotics and probiotics modulate the gut microbiome to enhance bone health, improve calcium absorption, and reduce bone loss, suggesting these could be valuable adjuncts to traditional treatments for bone diseases.

This review discusses how prebiotics, such as GOS and inulin, influence gut microbiota and improve depression symptoms through mechanisms like neurotransmitter synthesis and inflammation regulation. The findings are promising but call for more rigorous clinical trials.

This study evaluates the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on mental health. It found that a high-prebiotic diet improved mood, anxiety, and stress, while probiotics and synbiotics showed minimal effects, highlighting the potential of dietary interventions in mental health management.

This review discusses the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in modulating the gut-brain axis, focusing on their effects on mental disorders like depression and anxiety.

This review highlights the beneficial role of probiotics in managing metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. It explores how probiotics improve gut health, regulate metabolic processes, and reduce inflammation, offering a promising and sustainable approach to treating these conditions.

The review explores the role of prebiotics and probiotics in gut health, highlighting their impact on immunity, metabolic health, and disease prevention. It emphasizes the potential benefits of functional foods enriched with these components, offering a promising avenue for managing chronic health conditions.

This clinical trial demonstrates that prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, in addition to a weight-loss diet, can improve body composition, metabolic parameters, and psychological health in obese individuals, with notable improvements in insulin resistance and muscle strength.

This review explores recent advancements in prebiotic research, highlighting their impact on gut health, immune function, metabolism, and mental well-being. It discusses emerging prebiotics, the development of synbiotics, and innovations in delivery systems like microencapsulation, suggesting a promising future for personalized prebiotic-based therapies.

This review highlights the role of prebiotics in modulating gut microbiota, enhancing gut health, and alleviating conditions like obesity and IBD. It emphasizes the benefits of prebiotics like inulin and FOS and introduces the concept of synbiotics, combining prebiotics and probiotics for optimal gut health.

This review explores the health benefits of prebiotic dietary fibers, highlighting their ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance immune function, and improve digestive health through fermentation. It examines the regulatory challenges and outlines the promising potential of various prebiotics like FOS, inulin, and GOS in clinical applications.

This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in managing gut-related diseases. It explores their mechanisms, effectiveness in clinical trials, and their future role in personalized medicine to improve gut health and treat conditions such as IBS, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

This review updates the definition of prebiotics, expanding their scope beyond the gut to include other body sites and highlighting their selective impact on microbiota to confer health benefits.

This review revisits the concept of prebiotics, defining the criteria for classification and highlighting the importance of gut microbiota composition in determining the prebiotic effect. It introduces the prebiotic index as a more accurate measure and underscores the need for further research to optimize prebiotics for health benefits.

Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that selectively promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, offering a range of health benefits from improved digestion and immune function to enhanced metabolic health. Prebiotics are an essential part of a healthy diet that supports both gut and overall well-being.

This review explores the potential of glutathione supplementation in improving antibiotic efficacy and immune responses in HIV-M.tb co-infection, particularly in CNS cases.

This study examines how glutathione influences T cell function in HIV and tuberculosis co-infection. It reveals that restoring GSH levels enhances cytokine production and controls M. tb growth, suggesting therapeutic potential for GSH-based interventions in HIV-infected individuals.

This review examines the crucial role of glutathione in sepsis, emphasizing its function in managing oxidative stress, modulating immune responses, and preventing organ dysfunction. It suggests that glutathione-targeted therapies could offer new opportunities for improving patient outcomes in sepsis.

This review examines how glutathione (GSH) and other thiols regulate bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. It discusses their role in modulating virulence factors, biofilm formation, and host immune interactions, suggesting that targeting GSH pathways could be a novel approach for treating bacterial infections.

This review investigates the role of reactive oxygen species in endometriosis, linking oxidative stress to infertility and pain. It suggests antioxidants as potential therapeutic strategies for disease management.

This review highlights the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in rheumatoid arthritis, where immune cells’ altered metabolism contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

This review explores the role of glutathione in chronic illness development, highlighting its function in oxidative stress defense and mitochondrial health. It discusses the potential for GSH augmentation using NAC to improve outcomes in conditions such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

This review highlights glutathione’s key role in protecting plants from metal-induced oxidative stress, focusing on its functions in metal chelation, antioxidative defense, and signaling. GSH’s involvement in metal homeostasis and its regulation of cellular responses to metal stress suggest potential strategies for enhancing plant resilience and improving phytoremediation.

What Was Studied?This study examined the protective effect of glutathione (GSH) against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with a focus on its role in mitigating DNA damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The researchers investigated how glutathione activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect cells from oxidative damage. […]

This study explores the role of glutathione in Streptococcus suis’s resistance to oxidative stress and its contribution to virulence. Deletion of the gshAB and gshT genes significantly impairs oxidative stress tolerance, growth, and virulence, suggesting glutathione as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

This review explores the critical roles of amino acids in regulating immune cell metabolism and function, emphasizing their potential for modulating immune responses in cancer, infections, and autoimmune diseases. Targeting amino acid metabolism could offer new therapeutic opportunities, but more research is needed to understand these complex mechanisms.

This review analyzes methods for boosting glutathione (GSH) levels, including supplementation, Nrf2 activation, cysteine prodrugs like NACET, and dietary approaches. While promising, further clinical research is needed to confirm their efficacy for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.

This review connects immune-stressing mechanisms, like glucose limitation, oxygen deprivation, and ROS production, to pathogen control during infection. It highlights how the immune system exploits metabolic stress to restrict pathogen growth, offering insights into new therapeutic strategies targeting immune metabolism.

This study shows that glutathione preserves regulatory T cell function by limiting serine metabolism, preventing mTOR overactivation, and maintaining FoxP3 expression.

This review shows that glutathione depletion drives immune dysfunction in HIV by disrupting T-cell balance, gut immunity, and pathogen control, while supplementation restores immune signaling and reduces inflammation.

This review shows that glutathione restores immune balance, limits oxidative stress, and improves host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

This review links oxidative stress, ferroptosis, immune activation, pain, and emerging gut microbiome changes to endometriosis progression and severity.

This study shows that glutathione depletion in hepatic tuberculosis increases oxidative stress, disrupts immune signaling, damages granulomas, and promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival.

This review explains how glutathione deficiency worsens immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation during severe COVID-19 and highlights its role in disease severity.

This study shows that glutathione enhances M1-like macrophage activation while controlling oxidative stress through Nrf2-HO-1 signaling, supporting balanced immune defense.

This review explains how macrophage activation, metabolism, and signaling control immune responses in infection, inflammation, and cancer.

This review explains how neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species through NADPH oxidase and how bacteria resist oxidative killing, with clinical relevance for infection susceptibility and inflammation.

This review explains how reactive oxygen species regulate innate immune signaling through controlled protein oxidation, shaping macrophage and neutrophil function in inflammation and disease.

What was studied?This original research studied how endogenous glutathione (GSH) shapes innate immune signaling in macrophages beyond its antioxidant role. The authors tested whether severe intracellular GSH depletion changes inflammatory gene expression or instead redirects signaling toward antiviral pathways. They focused on toll-like receptor 4 activation using lipopolysaccharide and examined transcriptional responses, redox status, and […]

This review explains natural-compounds-glutathione control by polyphenols, terpenoids, and glucosinolates. It shows how these compounds can raise or deplete GSH, shift NRF2-ARE signaling, change GSH enzymes, and alter cancer stress responses in a dose- and context-dependent way.

What was reviewed?This review covered glutathione homeostasis by explaining how it protects cells from reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and electrophiles, and by mapping the main control points that set GSH levels in tissues. The author described GSH structure as a tripeptide with a reactive cysteine thiol and an unusual γ-glutamyl bond that limits […]

This review explains glutathione synthesis regulation through cysteine supply, GCL/GS control, and transcriptional networks that include Nrf2, AP-1, and NFκB. It links disease states such as cholestasis, endotoxemia, fibrosis, diabetes, and alcoholism to reduced enzyme expression and depleted GSH.

This review explains glutathione-related enzymes inflammation by detailing how glutathione-dependent enzymes regulate redox balance, detoxification, and inflammatory signaling across tissues exposed to oxidative stress.

This review explains how glutathione-and-microbiome-inflammation fits into redox control, immune sensing, and chronic inflammation. It links GSH depletion with lung disease, atherosclerosis, and severe COVID-19 through ROS, cytokines, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways.

Glutathione, the body’s most important intracellular antioxidant, plays a far-reaching role in the immune system that goes beyond simply neutralizing oxidative stress. As a crucial player in nutritional immunity, glutathione helps regulate nutrient competition between the host and pathogens, ensuring that pathogens are deprived of essential nutrients, like cysteine, that are critical for their survival. Through its involvement in redox signaling, cytokine production, and immune cell activation, glutathione contributes to immune resilience, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions.

This study demonstrates the promising role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjunct treatment for perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease. It shows substantial improvements in fistula healing, disease activity, and inflammatory markers, with sustained effects over 9 months post-treatment.

This review explores the potential role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn’s disease and examines the benefits of anti-MAP therapy (AMT) in treating refractory disease. It discusses recent findings, clinical trial outcomes, and the promising use of novel drug formulations targeting MAP.

This review explores phage therapy as a promising treatment for liver diseases linked to gut microbiota imbalances. It highlights key findings on how phages target harmful bacteria, restoring microbiome balance and improving liver function.

This review examines the impact of dietary zinc on gut microbiota and its role in Clostridium difficile infection. Excess zinc is shown to alter microbiota composition and increase disease severity, underscoring the importance of regulating zinc intake in high-risk populations.

The review explores the role of gut microbiota in immune regulation and pathogen resistance, particularly in inflammatory diseases like IBD. It highlights the effects of microbiota dysbiosis and the potential for therapeutic interventions to manage gut inflammation.

This review examines the impact of iron therapy on oxidative stress and the intestinal microbiota in IBD, highlighting the complexities of managing iron deficiency in these patients. It emphasizes the need for careful iron therapy management to avoid exacerbating oxidative stress and microbial imbalance.

This study examines the genome sequences of copper-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from copper-fed pigs. It identifies key resistance genes, highlighting the potential for co-transfer of copper and antibiotic resistance, with implications for agricultural practices and pathogen control.

Copper’s dual role as both an antimicrobial and essential micronutrient plays a significant part in the host-pathogen interaction, with pathogens evolving resistance mechanisms while hosts leverage copper to combat infections. This study offers insights into how copper impacts infection biology, potentially informing new therapeutic strategies.

This study links the Cu/Zn ratio with markers of disease activity in IBD, suggesting it as a potential biomarker for disease monitoring. It emphasizes the role of zinc and copper deficiencies in IBD progression.

The study reveals a higher prevalence of zinc deficiency in Crohn’s disease patients compared to healthy controls. While serum zinc levels did not differ significantly between groups, the increased deficiency rate in CD highlights the need for zinc monitoring and potential supplementation in these patients.

This review explores siderophore-mediated iron acquisition in the gut, its role in bacterial growth, and its impact on microbial community dynamics and host immunity, with implications for IBD, infections, and colorectal cancer.

This study highlights the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Crohn’s disease patients and its association with worse hospitalization outcomes, including longer stays, higher costs, and more readmissions. The findings stress the need for early IDA screening and management in this population.

This study reveals altered fecal bile acid composition in IBD patients, especially UC, suggesting the potential of bile acids as biomarkers for disease severity and differentiation between UC and CD.

This study links gut microbiota dysbiosis with bile acid composition changes in Crohn’s disease. The altered microbial and bile acid profiles may play a significant role in disease progression, offering potential therapeutic avenues.

This review discusses succinate’s role in IBD pathogenesis, focusing on its dual role in inflammation and tissue repair. The review underscores the importance of microbiota-driven succinate regulation and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting succinate metabolism in IBD.

This narrative review explores succinate’s dual immunoregulatory roles in IBD, examining how its concentration affects inflammation and tissue repair. The study discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting succinate metabolism and its signaling pathways.

This review investigates how gut microbiota dysbiosis impacts metabolic functions and immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), highlighting key microbial changes and therapeutic potential through microbiome manipulation.

This study reveals the significant role of gut microbiome and metabolome signatures in predicting infliximab response in Crohn’s Disease, suggesting that microbiome-based biomarkers could guide personalized treatment strategies.

This study highlights the complex relationship between the gut microbiota, the immune system, and intestinal health. It emphasizes how disruptions to this balance can lead to chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.

This review examines the environmental and genetic factors influencing Crohn’s disease, offering insight into how these factors contribute to disease onset, progression, and management. The study highlights the increasing incidence in developing countries and the role of diet, smoking, and infections.

This study systematically reviews the use of AI-assisted capsule endoscopy for detecting lesions in Crohn’s disease. AI showed high diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 97%, highlighting its potential to improve the diagnostic process, though more research is needed for validation.

This review examines how migration and environmental risk factors influence the onset and course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a focus on migrant populations transitioning from low-incidence to high-incidence regions. It emphasizes the need for further studies on generational changes and environmental triggers of IBD.

This review explores environmental factors such as smoking, diet, and air pollution that influence the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease. It highlights the importance of smoking cessation and dietary adjustments in managing the disease.

This review investigates the ongoing debate over the potential role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Crohn’s disease. Despite frequent detection in patients, MAP’s causative role remains unproven, with studies showing inconsistent results, particularly regarding treatment efficacy.

The study examines the debate surrounding Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn’s disease, with conflicting data on its role as a causative factor. Anti-MAP therapies show mixed results, highlighting the need for further investigation into MAP’s involvement in CD pathogenesis.

This review examines how microbial dysbiosis in the gut contributes to systemic autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, MS, RA, and SLE. It emphasizes microbial influences on immune responses and suggests potential microbiome-based therapies.

This review discusses the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD, its interaction with intestinal barriers, and the potential of microbiota-targeted therapies like antibiotics, probiotics, and FMT in treating IBD.

This review focuses on the genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), highlighting key genes and microbiome interactions, and their role in disease pathogenesis and treatment response.

This review explores immunomodulatory therapies for IBD, focusing on their impact on the gut-brain axis. It evaluates conventional and emerging treatments like biologics, FMT, and probiotics, emphasizing their role in improving IBD outcomes and addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms.

The review examines the relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and extrinsic stressors in promoting intestinal inflammation, with implications for managing IBD. It emphasizes the potential benefits of dietary changes and probiotics in restoring gut health and mitigating inflammation.

This review explores the genetic complexities of NOD2 in Crohn’s disease, emphasizing its role in the stricturing phenotype and the need for deeper research into rare variants and their functional impacts.

This review highlights the genetic and environmental factors influencing Crohn’s disease, including the role of NOD2 mutations, smoking, diet, and vitamin D deficiency. It underscores the need for personalized treatment strategies to manage this complex disease.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in Crohn’s disease, focusing on the role of cytokines, glucocorticoids, and malnutrition. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment strategies to prevent fractures and improve patient outcomes.

This review discusses nephrolithiasis in Crohn’s disease patients, highlighting the increased risk, pathophysiology, and preventative measures. It emphasizes dietary interventions and fluid intake to reduce the formation of kidney stones.

This review explores the link between IBD and thromboembolic events, highlighting the increased risks, particularly in patients with active disease, corticosteroid treatment, and post-surgery. It emphasizes the need for thromboprophylaxis and further research on the pathophysiology of these complications.

This study explores the long-term risk of developing IBD in AIH patients, identifying smoking as a significant risk factor and showing that while IBD increases cirrhosis prevalence, it does not worsen liver-related complications in AIH patients.

This review explores the relationship between pyoderma gangrenosum and inflammatory bowel disease, focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment approaches. It emphasizes the need for more research to standardize diagnosis and treatment protocols, especially in light of the growing use of biologics.

This review discusses the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, focusing on the pathophysiology, prevalence, and associations with treatment. It emphasizes the role of immune system dysfunction, genetics, and microbiome in triggering these manifestations, with implications for clinical management.

This review explores ocular manifestations in IBD, including episcleritis, uveitis, and scleritis, discussing their pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management, with an emphasis on the role of IBD treatments and the impact of the microbiome.

This review updates the current understanding of PSC-IBD, discussing its unique clinical features, the increased risk of malignancies, and the challenges in managing this comorbidity.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the incidence and risk factors for paradoxical psoriasis or psoriasiform lesions in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF therapy, providing crucial insights into the dermatological side effects of these commonly prescribed medications.

This study finds that psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis, emphasizing the importance of early gastrointestinal monitoring in psoriasis patients.

This review examines the genetic, immune, and microbiological links between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, focusing on shared pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting the role of Type 17 immune responses, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and metabolic factors in disease development. It also explores therapeutic advancements targeting these pathways.

This article investigates the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and starch consumption, suggesting that high starch intake may trigger the growth of Klebsiella and exacerbate disease symptoms, with potential therapeutic implications for dietary management.

This study provides a comprehensive meta-analysis on the prevalence and bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune liver disease (AILD), shedding light on the significant overlap between these conditions and their shared pathophysiological mechanisms.